Psalms 135:4
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Psalms 135:4
4 For the LORD hath chosen Jacob unto himself, and Israel for his peculiar treasure.
Chapter Context
Psalms 135 is a poetic and liturgical chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of truth, mercy, wisdom. Written during various periods (c. 1000-400 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Temple worship utilized these compositions across various periods of Israel's history.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-21: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it illustrates divine judgment and mercy in response to human actions. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Psalms and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Psalms 135:4
4 For the LORD hath chosen Jacob unto himself, and Israel for his peculiar treasure.
Analysis
The doctrine of election emerges powerfully: 'the LORD hath chosen Jacob unto himself, and Israel for his peculiar treasure.' The Hebrew 'bachar' (chosen) indicates deliberate selection from among alternatives - God actively chose Israel, not because of their merit but according to His sovereign purpose (Deuteronomy 7:6-8). The term 'segullah' (peculiar treasure) denotes special, prized possession - like a king's personal treasury distinct from state funds. This same word appears in Exodus 19:5 and Malachi 3:17. The names 'Jacob' and 'Israel' recall the patriarch's transformation, emphasizing both the people's humble origins and their covenant identity. Election is grounded in grace, not human worthiness. Peter applies this same concept to the Church: 'a peculiar people' (1 Peter 2:9), showing the continuity of God's electing purpose.
Historical Context
The concept of Israel as God's 'segullah' dates to Sinai (Exodus 19:5) and was reiterated throughout Israel's history. This language distinguished Israel from surrounding nations who believed their gods were territorial rather than personally committed to a people. The dual naming 'Jacob/Israel' was common in Hebrew poetry, using synonymous parallelism.
Reflection
- How does knowing you are God's "peculiar treasure" affect your identity and security?
- What does it mean to live as one specially chosen by God?
Word Studies
- Elect: בָּחַר (Bachar) H977 - To choose, select, elect
Cross-References
- References Lord: Psalms 33:12, Deuteronomy 10:15, 32:9, 1 Samuel 12:22, Malachi 3:17
- References Israel: Isaiah 41:8
- Parallel theme: Psalms 105:6, Titus 2:14, 1 Peter 2:9