Psalms 135:10
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Psalms 135:10
10 Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings;
Chapter Context
Psalms 135 is a poetic and liturgical chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of obedience, salvation, sacrifice. Written during various periods (c. 1000-400 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Temple worship utilized these compositions across various periods of Israel's history.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-21: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it foreshadows Christ's work through typology and prophetic elements. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Psalms and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Psalms 135:10
10 Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings;
Analysis
The historical recital advances from exodus to conquest: 'Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings.' The transition from Egypt to Canaan spans the wilderness wanderings implicitly. 'Great nations' (goyim rabbim) and 'mighty kings' (melachim atsumim) emphasize the formidable opposition Israel faced. The Hebrew 'atsumim' means numerous, powerful, mighty - these were not insignificant tribal chieftains but established rulers with armies. Yet God 'smote' and 'slew' them, using the same verb (nakah) applied to Egypt. The parallel construction reinforces God's consistent pattern: He defeats all who oppose His people and purposes. This encouraged later generations facing their own powerful enemies. The New Testament applies this principle spiritually - Christ has 'spoiled principalities and powers' (Colossians 2:15), defeating spiritual forces that oppose God's kingdom.
Historical Context
Israel's conquest of Canaan faced opposition from established city-states, each with its own king and military. Ancient Near Eastern kings often claimed divine authority and protection from patron deities. Israel's victories demonstrated not merely military superiority but the supremacy of Yahweh over the gods of Canaan.
Reflection
- How does remembering God's past victories strengthen faith for present challenges?
- What "great nations" or obstacles has God helped you overcome?