Numbers 31:39
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Numbers 31:39
39 And the asses were thirty thousand and five hundred; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and one.
Chapter Context
Numbers 31 is a mixed narrative and legal chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of prayer, judgment, mercy. Written during Israel's wilderness period (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The wilderness journey occurred between Egypt's dominance and the Canaanite tribal systems.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-54: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it demonstrates God's faithfulness despite human unfaithfulness. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Numbers and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Numbers 31:39
39 And the asses were thirty thousand and five hundred; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and one.
Analysis
And the asses were thirty thousand and five hundred; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and one—The Hebrew chamor (חֲמוֹר, 'donkey/ass') designated essential beasts of burden in Israel's economy. Unlike horses associated with warfare and Egyptian oppression, donkeys represented humble transport and agricultural work. The 61 animals consecrated to God underscore that even mundane resources belong to Him.
Nothing is too common for God's claim. The same donkey species carried Mary to Bethlehem and bore Christ into Jerusalem (Matthew 21:5), demonstrating God's sovereign use of humble instruments for His glory.
Historical Context
Donkeys were more valuable than horses in ancient Israel's terrain and economy. They transported goods, plowed fields, and provided reliable transport. The large number captured (30,500) reveals Midian operated extensive trade networks—fitting for descendants of Abraham's Keturah (Genesis 25:2).
Reflection
- Do you reserve only 'special' things for God, or does He have claim on the ordinary aspects of your life?
- How might God want to use your 'donkey'—your mundane skills and resources—for His purposes?
- What does it mean that Jesus chose a humble donkey rather than a warhorse for His triumphal entry?
Word Studies
- Lord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai) H3068 - The LORD / Lord