Numbers 31:38
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Numbers 31:38
38 And the beeves were thirty and six thousand; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and twelve.
Chapter Context
Numbers 31 is a mixed narrative and legal chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of hope, righteousness, wisdom. Written during Israel's wilderness period (c. 1446-1406 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: The wilderness journey occurred between Egypt's dominance and the Canaanite tribal systems.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-54: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it provides guidance for worship and spiritual devotion. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Numbers and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Numbers 31:38
38 And the beeves were thirty and six thousand; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and twelve.
Analysis
And the beeves were thirty and six thousand; of which the LORD'S tribute was threescore and twelve—The Hebrew baqar (בָּקָר, 'cattle/oxen') represented substantial wealth in ancient agrarian economies. The 72 cattle given to the Levitical priesthood (0.2% of 36,000) provided both sustenance and sacrificial animals for tabernacle service. This systematic allocation ensured those who served God's sanctuary received material support from spoils gained through God's power.
The principle that 'the laborer deserves his wages' (Luke 10:7, 1 Timothy 5:18) finds early expression here. God ordained that spiritual leaders receive tangible provision from the community they serve.
Historical Context
Cattle in the Ancient Near East served multiple functions: agricultural labor, dairy production, leather, and sacrificial offerings. The substantial number (36,000) indicates Midian's considerable pastoral wealth. Eleazar the priest (Aaron's son) administered these resources for tabernacle operations.
Reflection
- How faithfully do you support those who minister to you spiritually with tangible resources?
- Does your giving reflect gratitude for victories God has granted, or merely obligation?
- What does it mean that God cares about the practical support of those who serve Him full-time?
Word Studies
- Lord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai) H3068 - The LORD / Lord