Matthew 5:22
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 5:22
22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire.
Chapter Context
Matthew 5 is a ethical teaching chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of discipleship, righteousness, worship. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-48: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it presents Jesus' ethical teaching in the Sermon on the Mount. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 5:22
22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire.
Analysis
Jesus equates anger with murder in principle. The Greek 'raca' means 'empty-headed' or 'worthless'—a contemptuous insult. Calling someone 'fool' (moros) questions their moral character, not just intelligence. Such contempt makes one liable to hell fire (Gehenna), showing God's serious view of interpersonal sin.
Historical Context
Gehenna referenced the Valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem, used as a garbage dump with continual burning. It became a vivid image for eternal judgment. The progression from 'judgment' to 'council' to 'hell fire' emphasizes escalating seriousness.
Reflection
- How do you speak about people you disagree with or dislike—with contempt or compassion?
- Why does Jesus consider verbal contempt and character assassination as seriously as physical murder?
Word Studies
- Judgment: κρίσις (Krisis) G2920 - Judgment, decision
Cross-References
- Judgment: 1 Peter 2:23
- Parallel theme: Matthew 10:28, 18:21, 18:35, Psalms 109:3, Romans 12:10, Titus 3:2