Matthew 5:13
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 5:13
13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.
Chapter Context
Matthew 5 is a ethical teaching chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of holiness, sacrifice, wisdom. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-48: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it presents Jesus' ethical teaching in the Sermon on the Mount. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 5:13
13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.
Analysis
Jesus declares 'Ye are the salt of the earth' (Greek: ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς, 'you are the salt of the earth'), using emphatic pronoun construction. Salt in the ancient world served three primary functions: preservation, flavoring, and purification. Disciples as salt preserve society from moral decay, enhance life's goodness, and purify through righteous influence. The warning 'if the salt have lost his savour' (μωρανθῇ, 'become foolish/insipid') presents the tragedy of ineffective Christianity - worthless and discarded. Saltiness cannot be restored once lost; disciples must maintain distinctive character.
Historical Context
In first-century Palestine, salt came primarily from the Dead Sea and was essential for food preservation before refrigeration. Salt could become contaminated with other minerals, losing its effectiveness. Jesus' audience, many from fishing villages around Galilee, understood salt's practical importance. Roman soldiers were sometimes paid in salt (origin of 'salary'). The metaphor would resonate deeply - disciples must maintain moral distinctiveness to fulfill their preserving function in society.
Reflection
- In what specific ways are Christians called to be preserving influences in society?
- What causes believers to lose their 'saltiness' or distinctive Christian character?
- How do we balance being 'salty' (distinctive) with being accessible to those who need the gospel?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Leviticus 2:13, Colossians 4:6