Matthew 28:18
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 28:18
18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
Chapter Context
Matthew 28 is a biographical gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of truth, fellowship, discipleship. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
This chapter is significant because it demonstrates God's faithfulness despite human unfaithfulness. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 28:18
18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
Analysis
The risen Jesus declares total authority: 'All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth' (Greek: ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, 'all authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me'). The word ἐξουσία means authority, right to rule. The passive 'is given' (ἐδόθη) indicates the Father granting authority to the Son. 'All' (πᾶσα) is comprehensive - no realm exceeds Jesus' rule. 'In heaven and earth' encompasses spiritual and physical realms. This authority grounds the Great Commission - Jesus sends disciples with His own authority. Daniel 7:13-14's Son of Man receives everlasting dominion, fulfilled in resurrection.
Historical Context
This declaration comes post-resurrection on a Galilean mountain. Jesus' earthly ministry displayed authority over nature, demons, disease, and death. Resurrection vindicated His claims (Romans 1:4). Early church proclaimed Jesus as cosmic Lord (Philippians 2:9-11, Colossians 1:15-20). Roman authorities demanded Caesar worship, but Christians confessed 'Jesus is Lord,' implying His authority supersedes all earthly powers. This claim grounded missionary expansion and sustained martyrs who obeyed heavenly rather than earthly authority.
Reflection
- How does Jesus' total authority affect our confidence in obeying the Great Commission?
- What areas of life do we struggle to place under Jesus' authority?
- How should Jesus' comprehensive authority shape our response to competing authorities?
Word Studies
- Heaven: οὐρανός (Ouranos) G3772 - Heaven, sky
Cross-References
- References Jesus: John 13:3
- Parallel theme: Matthew 11:27, Luke 10:22, John 3:35, 17:2, 1 Corinthians 15:27, Colossians 2:10