Matthew 27:39
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 27:39
39 And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads,
Chapter Context
Matthew 27 is a biographical gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of prayer, discipleship, redemption. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-66: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it establishes important theological principles that resonate throughout Scripture. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 27:39
39 And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads,
Analysis
They that passed by reviled him (ἐβλασφήμουν, eblasphēmoun)—literally blasphemed, hurled insults at him. Wagging their heads (κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς, kinountes tas kephalas)—the ancient gesture of mockery and contempt, fulfilling Psalm 22:7: All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head.
Golgotha was near a main road; Passover crowds stream past. The Suffering Servant endures not only physical agony but public scorn. He who taught blessed are ye, when men shall revile you (Matthew 5:11) now experiences ultimate reviling.
Historical Context
Crucifixion sites were deliberately placed along major roads to maximize public visibility and deterrent effect. Jerusalem's population swelled during Passover from ~50,000 to over 200,000, ensuring massive crowds would witness Jesus's execution.
Reflection
- How does the public mockery of Jesus fulfill Psalm 22 and reveal the depth of his humiliation?
- What does Jesus's silence in the face of reviling teach about responding to persecution (1 Peter 2:23)?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Psalms 109:25, Lamentations 1:12