Matthew 15:20
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Matthew 15:20
20 These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.
Chapter Context
Matthew 15 is a biographical gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of covenant, holiness, hope. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-90 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christianity was separating from Judaism following Jerusalem's destruction.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-39: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it provides essential context for understanding God's covenant relationship with His people. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Matthew and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Matthew 15:20
20 These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.
Analysis
Jesus concludes: 'These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.' This revolutionary teaching shifts focus from ceremonial to moral purity. Defilement is fundamentally spiritual and ethical, not ritual. Reformed doctrine sees here the transition from Old Covenant ceremonial law to New Covenant spiritual reality. While external religion appears impressive, God judges the heart. This verse anticipates the gospel going to Gentiles, who wouldn't observe Jewish purity rituals.
Historical Context
This teaching prepared disciples for the Gentile mission by relativizing Jewish ceremonial law. Peter's vision in Acts 10 builds on this foundation. The early church struggled with this issue (Acts 15), ultimately recognizing that Gentiles need not adopt Jewish rituals. Jesus' teaching here laid theological groundwork for this decision.
Reflection
- What external religious practices have you emphasized over heart transformation?
- How does Jesus' teaching free you from legalism?
- What does true spiritual purity look like in daily life?