Matthew 15:20

Authorized King James Version

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These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.

Original Language Analysis

ταῦτά These G5023
ταῦτά These
Strong's: G5023
Word #: 1 of 15
these things
ἐστιν are G2076
ἐστιν are
Strong's: G2076
Word #: 2 of 15
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
τὸν the things which G3588
τὸν the things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
κοινοῖ defile G2840
κοινοῖ defile
Strong's: G2840
Word #: 4 of 15
to make (or consider) profane (ceremonially)
τὸν the things which G3588
τὸν the things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἄνθρωπον a man G444
ἄνθρωπον a man
Strong's: G444
Word #: 6 of 15
man-faced, i.e., a human being
τὸν the things which G3588
τὸν the things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
δὲ but G1161
δὲ but
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 8 of 15
but, and, etc
ἀνίπτοις with unwashen G449
ἀνίπτοις with unwashen
Strong's: G449
Word #: 9 of 15
without ablution
χερσὶν hands G5495
χερσὶν hands
Strong's: G5495
Word #: 10 of 15
the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)
φαγεῖν to eat G5315
φαγεῖν to eat
Strong's: G5315
Word #: 11 of 15
to eat (literally or figuratively)
οὐ not G3756
οὐ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 12 of 15
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
κοινοῖ defile G2840
κοινοῖ defile
Strong's: G2840
Word #: 13 of 15
to make (or consider) profane (ceremonially)
τὸν the things which G3588
τὸν the things which
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἄνθρωπον a man G444
ἄνθρωπον a man
Strong's: G444
Word #: 15 of 15
man-faced, i.e., a human being

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus concludes: 'These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.' This revolutionary teaching shifts focus from ceremonial to moral purity. Defilement is fundamentally spiritual and ethical, not ritual. Reformed doctrine sees here the transition from Old Covenant ceremonial law to New Covenant spiritual reality. While external religion appears impressive, God judges the heart. This verse anticipates the gospel going to Gentiles, who wouldn't observe Jewish purity rituals.

Historical Context

This teaching prepared disciples for the Gentile mission by relativizing Jewish ceremonial law. Peter's vision in Acts 10 builds on this foundation. The early church struggled with this issue (Acts 15), ultimately recognizing that Gentiles need not adopt Jewish rituals. Jesus' teaching here laid theological groundwork for this decision.

Questions for Reflection

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