Luke 18:10
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Luke 18:10
10 Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican.
Chapter Context
Luke 18 is a historical gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of covenant, holiness, worship. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-85 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Written when Christians needed to understand their place in the Roman world.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-43: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it offers practical wisdom for godly living in a fallen world. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Luke and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Luke 18:10
10 Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican.
Analysis
Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican—Luke introduces the parable's stark contrast. The verb anebēsan (ἀνέβησαν) means 'went up,' reflecting Jerusalem's elevated position. Pharisaios (Φαρισαῖος) represented religious elite—separated ones devoted to Torah and tradition. Telōnēs (τελώνης) means tax collector, considered traitors who enriched themselves by collecting Roman taxes from fellow Jews.
The contrast is deliberate: the most respected religious figure versus the most despised collaborator. Jesus sets up a shocking reversal where the apparent saint is condemned and the obvious sinner is justified. This parable confronts self-righteousness that trusts in religious performance rather than God's mercy.
Historical Context
The Jerusalem temple had specific areas for prayer. The Court of Israel (for Jewish men) surrounded the priests' court. Jews prayed at set hours—morning and afternoon sacrifices (Acts 3:1). Pharisees were known for conspicuous public prayers (Matthew 6:5). Tax collectors were banned from serving as judges or witnesses, considered ritually unclean through constant Gentile contact. This social context makes Jesus's reversal even more shocking to His first-century audience.
Reflection
- Why does Jesus choose the most respected religious leader and the most despised sinner for this parable's contrast?
- What assumptions about righteousness does this parable's setup challenge?
- How might you be tempted toward Pharisaical comparison rather than humble dependence on God's mercy?
Cross-References
- Prayer: 1 Kings 8:30