John 21:17
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
John 21:17
17 He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.
Chapter Context
John 21 is a theological gospel chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of truth, obedience, hope. Written during the late first century CE (c. 90-95 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Addressed late first-century challenges from both Judaism and emerging Gnostic thought.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-25: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it foreshadows Christ's work through typology and prophetic elements. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within John and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
John 21:17
17 He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.
Analysis
The third question grieves Peter—perhaps because it exposes his past denials or because Jesus seems to doubt his love. Yet this third questioning completes Peter's restoration: three denials, three professions, three commissions. Peter's appeal to Christ's omniscience ('thou knowest all things') expresses humble dependence. The final command 'Feed my sheep' commissions Peter for his life's work, fulfilled in his leadership of the early church and writing of epistles.
Historical Context
Church tradition records Peter's martyrdom under Nero (c. 64-68 AD), crucified upside down as he deemed himself unworthy to die like His Lord. His life demonstrated the reality of his love for Christ expressed here.
Reflection
- How does Christ's thorough restoration after failure demonstrate His grace and patience?
- In what ways can you 'feed Christ's sheep' in your sphere of influence?
Word Studies
- Lord: Κύριος (Kurios) G2962 - Lord, Master
Cross-References
- References Jesus: John 13:38, Mark 14:72
- Love: John 14:15, 15:10
- Parallel theme: John 16:30, Psalms 17:3, Acts 15:8, Ephesians 4:30, Revelation 2:23