Job 20:18
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Job 20:18
18 That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein.
Chapter Context
Job 20 is a wisdom dialogue chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of grace, faith, salvation. Written during the patriarchal period (literary composition later), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Ancient wisdom traditions often wrestled with the problem of suffering and divine justice.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-29: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it illustrates divine judgment and mercy in response to human actions. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Job and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Job 20:18
18 That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein.
Analysis
Labor brings no enjoyment: 'That which he laboured for shall he restore, and shall not swallow it down: according to his substance shall the restitution be, and he shall not rejoice therein.' The wicked must restore what they gained—no enjoyment of their labor. Full restitution leaves them without gain. While true for those who gained through oppression, this doesn't explain Job's losses. Job's labor was righteous, yet he lost its fruit.
Historical Context
Ancient Near Eastern law required restitution for theft and fraud (Exodus 22). Multiple restitution (sometimes fourfold or more) could impoverish the thief. Zophar assumes Job secretly defrauded others, requiring such restitution. God's later vindication proves this false.
Reflection
- How do we make proper restitution when we've wronged others?
- What is the difference between restitution for actual wrong versus assumption of wrong without evidence?
- How does the Gospel both require justice and offer grace regarding past wrongs?