Acts 23:5
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Acts 23:5
5 Then said Paul, I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people.
Chapter Context
Acts 23 is a historical narrative chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of righteousness, faith, love. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-85 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Chronicles Christianity's spread across the Roman Empire despite official and unofficial opposition.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it provides guidance for worship and spiritual devotion. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Acts and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Acts 23:5
5 Then said Paul, I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest: for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people.
Analysis
I wist not, brethren, that he was the high priest—Paul's statement 'I did not know' (οὐκ ᾔδειν, ouk edein) has sparked much discussion. Perhaps Paul had poor eyesight (Galatians 4:15), or Ananias wasn't wearing high priestly garments, or Paul spoke ironically ('I didn't recognize behavior so corrupt as befitting a high priest'). Regardless, Paul immediately submitted to Scripture.
For it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people—Paul quoted Exodus 22:28, demonstrating his submission to biblical authority even when defending himself against injustice. The Greek archonta (ruler) acknowledges God-ordained authority deserving respect despite personal unworthiness. This models Christian ethics: honor the office even when confronting the office-holder's sin. Paul balanced prophetic boldness (calling out injustice) with covenantal submission (honoring God's word).
Historical Context
Paul had been absent from Jerusalem for years, possibly explaining unfamiliarity with current leadership. Exodus 22:28 was foundational to Jewish respect for authority. Paul's citation showed his continued reverence for Torah even while proclaiming freedom from its ceremonial requirements. This demonstrated to the Sanhedrin that his gospel didn't promote lawlessness.
Reflection
- How do you maintain biblical respect for authority while confronting its failures?
- What does Paul's immediate Scripture quotation teach about knowing God's word for ethical guidance in tense moments?
Cross-References
- Evil: Exodus 22:28, 2 Peter 2:10
- Parallel theme: Ecclesiastes 10:20