Acts 23:21
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Acts 23:21
21 But do not thou yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, which have bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him: and now are they ready, looking for a promise from thee.
Chapter Context
Acts 23 is a historical narrative chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of worship, prayer, creation. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-85 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Chronicles Christianity's spread across the Roman Empire despite official and unofficial opposition.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-35: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it demonstrates God's faithfulness despite human unfaithfulness. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Acts and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Acts 23:21
21 But do not thou yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, which have bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him: and now are they ready, looking for a promise from thee.
Analysis
The nephew warns there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, describing an anathema (ἀνάθεμα) oath: bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him. This self-cursing vow invoked divine judgment if unfulfilled—a practice rooted in Numbers 30 and Deuteronomy 23. The conspirators' fanaticism mirrors later sicarii (dagger-men) terrorism. Their murderous intent violated the Sixth Commandment while claiming religious devotion, exposing how tradition can corrupt conscience (Mark 7:13).
Historical Context
First-century Palestine saw numerous zealot groups willing to assassinate perceived enemies of Israel. These 'forty men' likely included temple police or zealots. Their plot failed, but such fanaticism eventually contributed to the Jewish War (AD 66-70).
Reflection
- How can religious conviction become divorced from moral truth, leading to violence?
- What safeguards protect against confusing human tradition with God's will?
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Exodus 23:2