Acts 22:20
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
Acts 22:20
20 And when the blood of thy martyr Stephen was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting unto his death, and kept the raiment of them that slew him.
Chapter Context
Acts 22 is a historical narrative chapter in the New Testament that explores themes of love, sacrifice, fellowship. Written during the late first century CE (c. 80-85 CE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Chronicles Christianity's spread across the Roman Empire despite official and unofficial opposition.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-30: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it foreshadows Christ's work through typology and prophetic elements. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within Acts and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
Acts 22:20
20 And when the blood of thy martyr Stephen was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting unto his death, and kept the raiment of them that slew him.
Analysis
When the blood of thy martyr Stephen was shed—The Greek 'martys' (μάρτυς) means witness, later taking the meaning 'martyr' because witnessing often led to death. Paul admits he was standing by, and consenting (ἐφεστὼς καὶ συνευδοκῶν)—both physically present and morally approving. The participle 'suneuedokeō' indicates active agreement, not passive observation. He kept the raiment (φυλάσσων τὰ ἱμάτια) of the executioners, facilitating murder. This confession reveals Paul's full culpability, yet demonstrates grace's power to save 'the chief of sinners' (1 Timothy 1:15). Stephen's dying prayer—'Lord, lay not this sin to their charge' (Acts 7:60)—found answer in Paul's conversion.
Historical Context
Stephen's martyrdom (Acts 7) occurred circa AD 33-34, possibly triggering Paul's broader persecution campaign. Stephen's speech emphasized Israel's rejection of prophets and the temporary nature of the temple, themes Paul would later develop. Stephen saw Jesus standing at God's right hand (Acts 7:56), prefiguring Paul's Damascus road vision.
Reflection
- How does Paul's reference to Stephen's martyrdom demonstrate the long-term effects of faithful witness, even unto death?
- In what ways might your past sins uniquely equip you to minister grace to others?
Word Studies
- Blood: αἷμα (Haima) G129 - Blood
Cross-References
- Parallel theme: Acts 7:58, 8:1, Romans 1:32, Revelation 2:13