Song of Solomon 6:4
Thou art beautiful, O my love, as Tirzah, comely as Jerusalem, terrible as an army with banners.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Tirzah served as Israel's northern capital before Omri built Samaria (1 Kings 16:23-24). Its beauty was proverbial, hence its name meaning 'delight.' Jerusalem was the eternal capital, site of Solomon's temple, representing God's chosen dwelling place. Ancient armies with banners were impressive, organized, and formidable sights—banners identified tribes and military divisions, creating visual splendor and military might. The imagery combines aesthetic beauty with martial strength. Early church interpretation saw the Church as both the bride adorned for her husband and the army conquering through Christ. The Puritans emphasized that believers should be both gentle and strong—displaying Christ's beauty while standing firm against evil.
Questions for Reflection
- How does Christ see His Church as both beautiful and formidable—and how should this shape your self-understanding as a believer?
- In what ways are you called to combine the gentleness of beauty with the strength of 'an army with banners'?
- What 'banners' of faith do you carry that make you formidable against spiritual opposition?
Analysis & Commentary
The bridegroom declares: Thou art beautiful, O my love, as Tirzah, comely as Jerusalem. Tirzah (תִּרְצָה) was an early northern capital of Israel (1 Kings 14:17), whose name means 'delight' or 'pleasantness.' Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַםִ) was the royal city, the place of God's temple and presence. Comparing the bride to these two capital cities emphasizes both her beauty and her significance—she's not merely attractive but majestic, important, chosen. The parallelism elevates her to the status of cities representing God's covenant people.
Terrible as an army with banners (אֲיֻמָּה כַּנִּדְגָּלוֹת)—'terrible' here means 'awe-inspiring' or 'formidable.' The beloved isn't merely delicate but powerful. Church tradition saw the Church as beautiful to Christ yet formidable to evil—adorned with grace while advancing in spiritual warfare (Ephesians 6:10-18). This verse balances beauty and strength, gentleness and power—the bride is both lovely and victorious.