Ruth 2:17

Authorized King James Version

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So she gleaned in the field until even, and beat out that she had gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley.

Original Language Analysis

לִקֵּ֔טָה So she gleaned H3950
לִקֵּ֔טָה So she gleaned
Strong's: H3950
Word #: 1 of 11
properly, to pick up, i.e., (generally) to gather; specifically, to glean
בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה in the field H7704
בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה in the field
Strong's: H7704
Word #: 2 of 11
a field (as flat)
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 3 of 11
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
הָעָ֑רֶב until even H6153
הָעָ֑רֶב until even
Strong's: H6153
Word #: 4 of 11
dusk
וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ and beat out H2251
וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ and beat out
Strong's: H2251
Word #: 5 of 11
to knock out or off
אֵ֣ת H853
אֵ֣ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 11
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 11
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
לִקֵּ֔טָה So she gleaned H3950
לִקֵּ֔טָה So she gleaned
Strong's: H3950
Word #: 8 of 11
properly, to pick up, i.e., (generally) to gather; specifically, to glean
וַיְהִ֖י H1961
וַיְהִ֖י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 9 of 11
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כְּאֵיפָ֥ה and it was about an ephah H374
כְּאֵיפָ֥ה and it was about an ephah
Strong's: H374
Word #: 10 of 11
an ephah or measure for grain; hence, a measure in general
שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ of barley H8184
שְׂעֹרִֽים׃ of barley
Strong's: H8184
Word #: 11 of 11
barley (as villose)

Analysis & Commentary

Ruth's diligent labor produces results: 'So she gleaned in the field until even, and beat out that she had gleaned: and it was about an ephah of barley'. Working from morning until evening, Ruth gathered approximately an ephah (about 22 liters or half a bushel) of barley—an extraordinary amount for one day's gleaning, demonstrating both her industry and Boaz's secret generosity. Normally gleaners might gather only a fraction of this amount. The large quantity reveals how abundantly Boaz provided through his workers' deliberate dropping of grain, though Ruth doesn't yet realize the source of her blessing.

Historical Context

An ephah of barley represents roughly 10 days worth of grain for one person, showing the abundance of Ruth's harvest. Archaeological studies of ancient gleaning practices suggest typical gleaners might gather only 1-2 kilograms daily—Ruth's harvest was many times normal, though she likely attributed it to hard work rather than Boaz's orchestration. The process of beating out grain separated kernels from chaff, requiring additional labor but necessary for the grain to be usable.

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