Romans 13:5

Authorized King James Version

Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
διὸ
Wherefore
through which thing, i.e., consequently
#2
ἀνάγκη
ye must needs
constraint (literally or figuratively); by implication, distress
#3
ὑποτάσσεσθαι
be subject
to subordinate; reflexively, to obey
#4
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#5
μόνον
only
merely
#6
διὰ
for
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#7
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ὀργὴν
wrath
properly, desire (as a reaching forth or excitement of the mind), i.e., (by analogy), violent passion (ire, or (justifiable) abhorrence); by implicati
#9
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#10
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
διὰ
for
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#12
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
συνείδησιν
for conscience
co-perception, i.e., moral consciousness

Analysis

The judgment and justice theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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