Romans 11:16

Authorized King James Version

For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#2
δὲ
For
but, and, etc
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ἀπαρχὴ
the firstfruit
a beginning of sacrifice, i.e., the (jewish) first-fruit (figuratively)
#5
ἁγία
G40
be holy
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)
#6
καὶ
holy and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#7
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
φύραμα·
the lump
perhaps akin to g5453 through the idea of swelling in bulk), mean to knead; a mass of dough
#9
καὶ
holy and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#11
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ῥίζα
the root
a "root" (literally or figuratively)
#13
ἁγία
G40
be holy
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)
#14
καὶ
holy and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
κλάδοι
are the branches
a twig or bough (as if broken off)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine revelation reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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