Psalms 9:3

Authorized King James Version

When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בְּשׁוּב
are turned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#2
אוֹיְבַ֥י
When mine enemies
hating; an adversary
#3
אָח֑וֹר
back
the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the west
#4
יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ
they shall fall
to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall
#5
וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ
H6
and perish
properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
#6
מִפָּנֶֽיךָ׃
at thy presence
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection