Psalms 78:57

Authorized King James Version

But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ
But turned back
properly, to flinch, i.e., (by implication) to go back, literally (to retreat) or figuratively (to apostatize)
#2
וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ
and dealt unfaithfully
to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage
#3
כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם
H1
like their fathers
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#4
נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ
they were turned aside
to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert
#5
כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת
bow
a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris
#6
רְמִיָּֽה׃
like a deceitful
remissness, treachery

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of faith reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes pistis in Greek, encompassing both belief and faithfulness, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood faith. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection