Psalms 78:47

Authorized King James Version

PDF

He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost.

Original Language Analysis

יַהֲרֹ֣ג He destroyed H2026
יַהֲרֹ֣ג He destroyed
Strong's: H2026
Word #: 1 of 5
to smite with deadly intent
בַּבָּרָ֣ד with hail H1259
בַּבָּרָ֣ד with hail
Strong's: H1259
Word #: 2 of 5
hail
גַּפְנָ֑ם their vines H1612
גַּפְנָ֑ם their vines
Strong's: H1612
Word #: 3 of 5
a vine (as twining), especially the grape
וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם and their sycomore trees H8256
וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם and their sycomore trees
Strong's: H8256
Word #: 4 of 5
a sycamore (usually the tree)
בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃ with frost H2602
בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃ with frost
Strong's: H2602
Word #: 5 of 5
perhaps the aphis or plantlouse

Analysis & Commentary

He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost. Bārād (בָּרָד, "hail") appears with ʾēš (אֵשׁ, fire) in Exodus 9:24—hail mixed with fire, a supernatural phenomenon. Gepen (גֶּפֶן, "vines") provided wine, while šiqmâ (שִׁקְמָה, "sycomore") produced figs—staple crops representing abundance and peace.

"Frost" (ḥănāmal, חֲנָמַל) is a rare word, possibly meaning "hailstones" or "ice crystals." The destruction was comprehensive: fruit trees splintered, vines shredded, entire orchards leveled. This attacked Egyptians' economic security and cultural symbols of prosperity. A land flowing with wine and fruit became barren overnight.

The hail plague targeted false security. Egyptians trusted their agricultural wealth and religious rituals to guarantee fertility, but Yahweh demonstrated that creation obeys His voice alone. Only those who feared God's word found shelter (Exodus 9:20)—foreshadowing that faith, not nationality, determines safety.

Historical Context

Vines and sycomore-figs required years to mature. Destroying them meant multi-year economic loss, not just one season's crop. The plague struck at Egypt's long-term stability, demonstrating God's judgment wasn't temporary inconvenience but devastating intervention.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

Topics