Psalms 78:13

Authorized King James Version

He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
בָּ֣קַע
He divided
to cleave; generally, to rend, break, rip or open
#2
יָ֭ם
the sea
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
#3
וַיַּֽעֲבִירֵ֑ם
and caused them to pass through
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#4
וַֽיַּצֶּב
to stand
to station, in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#5
מַ֥יִם
and he made the waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#6
כְּמוֹ
as, thus, so
#7
נֵֽד׃
as an heap
a mound, i.e., wave

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection