Psalms 77:16

Authorized King James Version

The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they were afraid: the depths also were troubled.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
רָא֣וּךָ
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#2
מַּ֣יִם
The waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#3
אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים
thee O God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#4
רָא֣וּךָ
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#5
מַּ֣יִם
The waters
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
#6
יָחִ֑ילוּ
thee they were afraid
properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e., (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; fi
#7
אַ֝֗ף
meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though
#8
יִרְגְּז֥וּ
also were troubled
to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear)
#9
תְהֹמֽוֹת׃
the depths
an abyss (as a surging mass of water), especially the deep (the main sea or the subterranean watersupply)

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection