Psalms 76:1
In Judah is God known: his name is great in Israel.
Original Language Analysis
Cross References
Historical Context
Psalm 76 is traditionally associated with Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem in 701 BCE. The Assyrian king besieged Jerusalem during Hezekiah's reign, and the angel of the LORD struck down 185,000 Assyrian soldiers in a single night (2 Kings 19:35). This miraculous deliverance demonstrated God's power to protect Zion and became a paradigm of divine intervention.
The psalm's references to breaking arrows, shields, and swords (verse 3), and to stouthearted warriors being "spoiled" and sleeping their last sleep (verse 5), fit this military context. God's "rebuke" that caused chariot and horse to fall into "dead sleep" (verse 6) may allude to the angel's nighttime destruction of the Assyrian army.
Jerusalem's survival while surrounding cities fell to Assyria was remarkable. Sennacherib's own records (the Taylor Prism) boast of capturing 46 Judean cities but never claim to have taken Jerusalem—a notable omission given Assyrian propaganda's tendency to exaggerate victories.
Questions for Reflection
- What does it mean for God to be 'known' in a particular place or among a particular people?
- How does God's self-revelation through Israel relate to His universal rule over all nations?
- What events in your community or nation might cause God's name to become 'great' among the people?
- How does the particularity of God's revelation (choosing Israel, choosing you) enhance rather than limit His glory?
Analysis & Commentary
In Judah is God known: his name is great in Israel. This psalm of Zion celebrates God's dramatic intervention to defend His people. The opening verse establishes location and reputation: God has made Himself known in the territory and among the people He has chosen.
"In Judah is God known" (noda biYhudah Elohim, נוֹדָע בִּיהוּדָה אֱלֹהִים) uses the passive form of yada (to know). God has made Himself known—not through abstract revelation but through mighty acts witnessed in Judah. "Judah" was the southern kingdom, containing Jerusalem and the temple, the center of Davidic rule and Yahweh worship after the kingdom divided.
"His name is great in Israel" (beYisra'el gadol shemo, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל גָּדוֹל שְׁמוֹ) parallels the first clause, extending from Judah to all Israel. God's "name" (shem) represents His revealed character, reputation, and renown. That His name is "great" (gadol) means it commands respect, inspires awe, and excels all competitors. Among God's covenant people, His reputation stands supreme.
The verse celebrates particularity: God has chosen to reveal Himself in specific places to specific people. While God is universal Creator, He has made Himself known especially through Israel's history. This particularity serves universal purpose—through Israel, all nations would eventually know Yahweh.