Psalms 45:5

Authorized King James Version

Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king's enemies; whereby the people fall under thee.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
חִצֶּ֗יךָ
Thine arrows
properly, a piercer, i.e., an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of god) thunder-bolt; the shaft of a spear
#2
שְׁנ֫וּנִ֥ים
are sharp
to point (transitive or intransitive); intensively, to pierce; figuratively, to inculcate
#3
עַ֭מִּים
whereby the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#4
תַּחְתֶּ֣יךָ
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#5
יִפְּל֑וּ
fall
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
#6
בְּ֝לֵ֗ב
in the heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#7
אוֹיְבֵ֥י
enemies
hating; an adversary
#8
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
of the king's
a king

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of ancient Near Eastern poetry and hymnic literature for worship shapes this text's meaning. Israel's liturgical traditions developed through centuries of temple worship and personal devotion Understanding a worldview centered on covenant relationship between God and His people helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection