Psalms 25:19

Consider mine enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred.

Word-by-Word Analysis

רְאֵֽה

H7200

Consider

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

אֹיְבַ֥י

H341

mine enemies

hating; an adversary

כִּי

H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

רָ֑בּוּ

H7231

for they are many

properly, to cast together , i.e., increase, especially in number; to multiply by the myriad

וְשִׂנְאַ֖ת

H8130

and they hate

to hate (personally)

חָמָ֣ס

H2555

me with cruel

violence; by implication, wrong; by metonymy unjust gain

שְׂנֵאֽוּנִי׃

H8135

hatred

hate

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
How does the worship and praise theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?
How does this passage contribute to our understanding of the progressive revelation of God's purposes throughout Scripture, and what implications does this have for Christian discipleship?