Psalms 135:20

Authorized King James Version

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Bless the LORD, O house of Levi: ye that fear the LORD, bless the LORD.

Original Language Analysis

בֵּ֣ית O house H1004
בֵּ֣ית O house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 1 of 10
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
הַ֭לֵּוִי of Levi H3878
הַ֭לֵּוִי of Levi
Strong's: H3878
Word #: 2 of 10
levi, a son of jacob
בָּרֲכ֥וּ Bless H1288
בָּרֲכ֥וּ Bless
Strong's: H1288
Word #: 3 of 10
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 5 of 10
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
יִֽרְאֵ֥י ye that fear H3373
יִֽרְאֵ֥י ye that fear
Strong's: H3373
Word #: 6 of 10
fearing; morally, reverent
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 7 of 10
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
בָּרֲכ֥וּ Bless H1288
בָּרֲכ֥וּ Bless
Strong's: H1288
Word #: 8 of 10
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 10
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD H3068
יְהוָֽה׃ the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 10 of 10
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

Analysis & Commentary

The antiphonal pattern expands: 'Bless the LORD, O house of Levi: ye that fear the LORD, bless the LORD.' The Levites, descendants of Jacob's third son, served temple functions distinct from Aaronic priests - they were musicians, gatekeepers, teachers, and assistants. Their inclusion ensures no worship servant is overlooked. Most significantly, 'ye that fear the LORD' extends beyond ethnic Israel to include all who reverence Yahweh. This phrase may indicate proselytes or God-fearers - Gentiles drawn to Israel's God. If so, the psalm anticipates the expansion of worship beyond ethnic boundaries. The 'fear of the LORD' (yir'at Yahweh) represents the fundamental disposition of true religion: reverent awe before the Holy One. This fourfold call (Israel, Aaron, Levi, God-fearers) creates a crescendo of praise encompassing all who worship the true God, prefiguring the universal church.

Historical Context

Levites received no territorial inheritance but were distributed throughout Israel as teachers and worship leaders. Their temple duties evolved over time, particularly after David organized them into divisions for music and service (1 Chronicles 23-26). The phrase 'those who fear the LORD' in similar contexts (Psalm 115:11, 13) may include non-Israelites who worshiped Yahweh.

Questions for Reflection