Psalms 118:22

Authorized King James Version

The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אֶ֭בֶן
H68
The stone
a stone
#2
מָאֲס֣וּ
refused
to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
#3
הַבּוֹנִ֑ים
which the builders
to build (literally and figuratively)
#4
הָ֝יְתָ֗ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#5
לְרֹ֣אשׁ
is become the head
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
#6
פִּנָּֽה׃
stone of the corner
an angle; by implication, a pinnacle; figuratively, a chieftain

Cross References

Related verses that illuminate this passage (hover to preview):

Analysis

This verse develops the worship and praise theme central to Psalms. The concept of divine revelation reflects the proper human response to God's character and works. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to worship literature expressing the full range of human experience before God, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection