Psalms 109:3

Authorized King James Version

They compassed me about also with words of hatred; and fought against me without a cause.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְדִבְרֵ֣י
me about also with words
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
#2
שִׂנְאָ֣ה
of hatred
hate
#3
סְבָב֑וּנִי
They compassed
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
#4
וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֥וּנִי
and fought
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
#5
חִנָּֽם׃
against me without a cause
gratis, i.e., devoid of cost, reason or advantage

Analysis

The worship and praise theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the Israelite monarchy with its court politics and military conflicts. The author writes to address worshipers in the temple and those seeking God in times of distress, making the emphasis on worship and praise particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection