Psalms 109:16

Authorized King James Version

Because that he remembered not to shew mercy, but persecuted the poor and needy man, that he might even slay the broken in heart.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
יַ֗עַן
properly, heed; by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to indicate the reason or cause
#2
אֲשֶׁ֤ר׀
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#3
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#4
זָכַר֮
Because that he remembered
properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
#5
עֲשׂ֪וֹת
not to shew
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#6
חָ֥סֶד
mercy
kindness; by implication (towards god) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
#7
וַיִּרְדֹּ֡ף
but persecuted
to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)
#8
אִישׁ
man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#9
עָנִ֣י
the poor
depressed, in mind or circumstances
#10
וְ֭אֶבְיוֹן
H34
and needy
destitute
#11
וְנִכְאֵ֨ה
the broken
to despond; causatively, to deject
#12
לֵבָ֬ב
in heart
the heart (as the most interior organ)
#13
לְמוֹתֵֽת׃
that he might even slay
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing mercy contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood mercy. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection