Psalms 104:12

Authorized King James Version

By them shall the fowls of the heaven have their habitation, which sing among the branches.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
עֲ֭לֵיהֶם
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#2
עוֹף
By them shall the fowls
a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectively
#3
הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם
of the heaven
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
#4
יִשְׁכּ֑וֹן
have their habitation
to reside or permanently stay (literally or figuratively)
#5
מִבֵּ֥ין
among
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
#6
עֳ֝פָאיִ֗ם
the branches
a bough (as covering the tree)
#7
יִתְּנוּ
which sing
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#8
קֽוֹל׃
a voice or sound

Analysis

Within the broader context of Psalms, this passage highlights worship and praise through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Psalms.

Historical Context

The historical context of the monarchic period, particularly David's reign (c. 1000-970 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Israelite monarchy with its temple worship, court life, and constant military threats created the liturgical and emotional context for these prayers and praises. The ancient Israelite worship practices and court culture would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Temple archaeology and ancient musical instruments illuminate the liturgical context of Israelite worship.

Questions for Reflection