Proverbs 31:24
She maketh fine linen, and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchant.
Original Language Analysis
עָ֭שְׂתָה
She maketh
H6213
עָ֭שְׂתָה
She maketh
Strong's:
H6213
Word #:
2 of 6
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר
and selleth
H4376
וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר
and selleth
Strong's:
H4376
Word #:
3 of 6
to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)
Historical Context
In the ancient economy, home production and commercial trade were integrated, not separate spheres. Women commonly sold surplus household products—textiles, food, pottery—in local markets and to traveling merchants. This commercial activity was essential to household prosperity and entirely compatible with domestic responsibilities.
Questions for Reflection
- How might you cultivate entrepreneurial thinking to create value beyond mere consumption?
- What skills or knowledge could you develop to contribute economically to your household or community?
- In what ways does Proverbs' vision of economic agency challenge both traditionalist restrictions and feminist resentments?
Related Resources
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Analysis & Commentary
She maketh fine linen, and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchant—The ש (shin) line concludes with commercial enterprise. Sadin (fine linen) refers to quality undergarments or sheets, while chagor (girdles/sashes) were essential clothing items and trade goods. The verbs emphasize active commerce: she makes (ta'aseh), sells (timkor), and delivers (natenah) to the Kena'ani (Canaanite/merchant).
This verse demolishes any notion that biblical womanhood precludes economic agency. The eshet chayil produces goods, negotiates sales, and engages in commercial transactions. Her enterprise isn't rebellion against domestic calling but its fruit—household management generates marketable surplus. Proverbs envisions competent women as economic actors whose industry blesses family and community. This requires business acumen, not just domestic skill.