Proverbs 27:12

Authorized King James Version

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A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself; but the simple pass on, and are punished.

Original Language Analysis

עָר֤וּם׀ A prudent H6175
עָר֤וּם׀ A prudent
Strong's: H6175
Word #: 1 of 7
cunning (usually in a bad sense)
רָאָ֣ה man foreseeth H7200
רָאָ֣ה man foreseeth
Strong's: H7200
Word #: 2 of 7
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
רָעָ֣ה the evil H7451
רָעָ֣ה the evil
Strong's: H7451
Word #: 3 of 7
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
נִסְתָּ֑ר and hideth H5641
נִסְתָּ֑ר and hideth
Strong's: H5641
Word #: 4 of 7
to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively
פְּ֝תָאיִ֗ם himself but the simple H6612
פְּ֝תָאיִ֗ם himself but the simple
Strong's: H6612
Word #: 5 of 7
silly (i.e., seducible)
עָבְר֥וּ pass on H5674
עָבְר֥וּ pass on
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 6 of 7
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ׃ and are punished H6064
נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ׃ and are punished
Strong's: H6064
Word #: 7 of 7
properly, to urge; by implication, to inflict a penalty, specifically, to fine

Analysis & Commentary

A prudent man foreseeth the evil—The Hebrew ʿārûm (עָרוּם, prudent) means shrewd or sensible, one who perceives danger before it arrives. Hideth himself (sātar, סָתַר) means to take protective action, not cowardice but wisdom. Contrast the simple (pĕtāʾîm, פְּתָאִים)—the naive, gullible ones who pass on obliviously and are punished (ʿānash, עָנַשׁ, suffer consequences).

This proverb appears nearly verbatim in 22:3, emphasizing its importance. The Christian application extends beyond physical danger to spiritual discernment—foreseeing temptation's consequences and fleeing (1 Corinthians 6:18, 10:14). Joseph exemplified this by fleeing Potiphar's wife (Genesis 39:12).

Historical Context

Ancient Israel faced dangers from wild animals, bandits, and military threats. Reading signs of approaching danger—storm clouds, armed groups, suspicious strangers—was essential for survival. This everyday wisdom principle applies to moral and spiritual threats in any era.

Questions for Reflection