Philippians 1:1
Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
Original Language Analysis
Παῦλος
Paul
G3972
Παῦλος
Paul
Strong's:
G3972
Word #:
1 of 20
(little; but remotely from a derivative of g3973, meaning the same); paulus, the name of a roman and of an apostle
καὶ
and
G2532
καὶ
and
Strong's:
G2532
Word #:
2 of 20
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
δοῦλοι
the servants
G1401
δοῦλοι
the servants
Strong's:
G1401
Word #:
4 of 20
a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
G2424
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
Strong's:
G2424
Word #:
5 of 20
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
τοῖς
G3588
τοῖς
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
8 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἁγίοις
the saints
G40
ἁγίοις
the saints
Strong's:
G40
Word #:
9 of 20
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
G2424
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
Strong's:
G2424
Word #:
12 of 20
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
τοῖς
G3588
τοῖς
Strong's:
G3588
Word #:
13 of 20
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
σὺν
with
G4862
σὺν
with
Strong's:
G4862
Word #:
17 of 20
with or together (but much closer than g3326 or g3844), i.e., by association, companionship, process, resemblance, possession, instrumentality, additi
ἐπισκόποις
the bishops
G1985
ἐπισκόποις
the bishops
Strong's:
G1985
Word #:
18 of 20
a superintendent, i.e., christian officer in genitive case charge of a (or the) church (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
2 Corinthians 1:1Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, unto the church of God which is at Corinth, with all the saints which are in all Achaia:Romans 1:1Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God,Romans 1:7To all that be in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.1 Timothy 3:8Likewise must the deacons be grave, not doubletongued, not given to much wine, not greedy of filthy lucre;Titus 1:1Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God's elect, and the acknowledging of the truth which is after godliness;Acts 20:28Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood.Ephesians 1:1Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, to the saints which are at Ephesus, and to the faithful in Christ Jesus:1 Timothy 1:2Unto Timothy, my own son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord.1 Thessalonians 1:1Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the Thessalonians which is in God the Father and in the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.2 Thessalonians 1:1Paul, and Silvanus, and Timotheus, unto the church of the Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ:
Historical Context
Philippi was a leading Roman colony in Macedonia (modern Greece), established by Augustus after the Battle of Philippi (42 BC). Veterans settled there enjoyed ius Italicum—exemption from tribute and provincial law. Paul founded this church around AD 49-50 (Acts 16:11-40), and wrote this letter from Roman imprisonment (c. AD 60-62), likely from Rome though some suggest Ephesus or Caesarea.
Questions for Reflection
- How does calling yourself a 'slave of Christ' challenge modern notions of autonomy and self-determination?
- What does it mean to be 'in Christ Jesus' rather than merely a follower of His teachings?
- How should the example of church leadership (bishops and deacons) inform contemporary ecclesiology?
Analysis & Commentary
Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons (δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, douloi Christou Iēsou, "slaves of Christ Jesus")—Paul's self-designation emphasizes complete ownership and devoted service. The term douloi was startling in a Roman colony proud of its citizenship; Paul claimed a higher allegiance. Saints (ἁγίοις, hagiois, "holy ones") refers not to moral perfection but positional holiness—those set apart by Christ.
The mention of bishops and deacons (ἐπισκόποις καὶ διακόνοις, episkopois kai diakonois) is unique among Paul's letter openings, suggesting organized church leadership in this Macedonian congregation. Episkopoi ("overseers") and diakonoi ("servants/ministers") point to emerging church structure, though offices were less defined than later centuries. Timothy's co-authorship honors his ministry partner and Philippi's fondness for him (Acts 16:1-3).