Numbers 5:8

Authorized King James Version

But if the man have no kinsman to recompense the trespass unto, let the trespass be recompensed unto the LORD, even to the priest; beside the ram of the atonement, whereby an atonement shall be made for him.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְאִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#2
אֵ֨ין
a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle
#3
לָאִ֜ישׁ
But if the man
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#4
גֹּאֵ֗ל
have no kinsman
to redeem (according to the middle eastern law of kinship), i.e., to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his wido
#5
הַמּוּשָׁ֥ב
be recompensed
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#6
הָֽאָשָׁ֛ם
the trespass
guilt; by implication, a fault; also a sin-offering
#7
אֵלָ֔יו
near, with or among; often in general, to
#8
הָֽאָשָׁ֛ם
the trespass
guilt; by implication, a fault; also a sin-offering
#9
הַמּוּשָׁ֥ב
be recompensed
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#10
לַֽיהוָ֖ה
unto the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
לַכֹּהֵ֑ן
even to the priest
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#12
מִלְּבַ֗ד
properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit
#13
אֵ֚יל
beside the ram
properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically an oak or other strong tree
#14
הַכִּפֻּרִ֔ים
of the atonement
expiation (only in plural)
#15
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#16
יְכַפֶּר
whereby an atonement shall be made
to cover (specifically with bitumen)
#17
בּ֖וֹ
H0
#18
עָלָֽיו׃
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Numbers Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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