Numbers 35:15

Authorized King James Version

These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that every one that killeth any person unawares may flee thither.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לִבְנֵ֣י
both for the children
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#2
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל
of Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#3
וְלַגֵּ֤ר
and for the stranger
properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner
#4
וְלַתּוֹשָׁב֙
and for the sojourner
a dweller but not outlandish [h5237]; especially (as distinguished from a native citizen [active participle of h3427] and a temporary inmate [h1616] o
#5
בְּתוֹכָ֔ם
among
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
#6
תִּֽהְיֶ֛ינָה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#7
שֵׁשׁ
These six
six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth
#8
הֶֽעָרִ֥ים
cities
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#9
הָאֵ֖לֶּה
these or those
#10
לְמִקְלָ֑ט
shall be a refuge
an asylum (as a receptacle)
#11
לָנ֣וּס
may flee
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
#12
שָׁ֔מָּה
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#13
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#14
מַכֵּה
them that every one that killeth
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#15
נֶ֖פֶשׁ
any person
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#16
בִּשְׁגָגָֽה׃
unawares
a mistake or inadvertent transgression

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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