Numbers 31:21

Authorized King James Version

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And Eleazar the priest said unto the men of war which went to the battle, This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD commanded Moses;

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 16
to say (used with great latitude)
אֶלְעָזָ֤ר And Eleazar H499
אֶלְעָזָ֤ר And Eleazar
Strong's: H499
Word #: 2 of 16
elazar, the name of seven israelites
הַכֹּהֵן֙ the priest H3548
הַכֹּהֵן֙ the priest
Strong's: H3548
Word #: 3 of 16
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 4 of 16
near, with or among; often in general, to
אַנְשֵׁ֣י unto the men H582
אַנְשֵׁ֣י unto the men
Strong's: H582
Word #: 5 of 16
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
הַצָּבָ֔א of war H6635
הַצָּבָ֔א of war
Strong's: H6635
Word #: 6 of 16
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
הַבָּאִ֖ים which went H935
הַבָּאִ֖ים which went
Strong's: H935
Word #: 7 of 16
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה to the battle H4421
לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה to the battle
Strong's: H4421
Word #: 8 of 16
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
זֹ֚את H2063
זֹ֚את
Strong's: H2063
Word #: 9 of 16
this (often used adverb)
חֻקַּ֣ת This is the ordinance H2708
חֻקַּ֣ת This is the ordinance
Strong's: H2708
Word #: 10 of 16
a statute
הַתּוֹרָ֔ה of the law H8451
הַתּוֹרָ֔ה of the law
Strong's: H8451
Word #: 11 of 16
a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 12 of 16
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
צִוָּ֥ה commanded H6680
צִוָּ֥ה commanded
Strong's: H6680
Word #: 13 of 16
(intensively) to constitute, enjoin
יְהוָ֖ה which the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֖ה which the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 14 of 16
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 15 of 16
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מֹשֶֽׁה׃ Moses H4872
מֹשֶֽׁה׃ Moses
Strong's: H4872
Word #: 16 of 16
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

Analysis & Commentary

Eleazar the priest said...This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD commanded Moses—the Hebrew chuqqah (ordinance/statute) indicates a permanent, binding regulation, not temporary instruction. Eleazar's citation of Torah (law) emphasizes that these purification requirements weren't arbitrary rules but divine revelation. The priest's role as interpreter and enforcer of ceremonial law ensured proper understanding and compliance.

This verse marks a transition: after Moses' rebuke (v.14-18), Eleazar provides detailed implementation of purification laws. The cooperation between prophet (Moses) and priest (Eleazar) shows complementary leadership—Moses declared God's will, Eleazar administered its ritual execution. In Christ, these roles unite: He is both Prophet revealing God's word and High Priest administering perfect cleansing (Hebrews 3:1, 4:14). The church's teaching ministry similarly combines biblical proclamation with practical application.

Historical Context

Eleazar, Aaron's son, became high priest after Aaron's death (Numbers 20:25-28). His role included teaching Torah (Leviticus 10:11), making judicial decisions using Urim and Thummim (Numbers 27:21), and overseeing tabernacle service. His specific involvement in post-warfare purification ensured correct ritual application preventing corporate defilement. The reference to 'ordinance of the law which the LORD commanded Moses' likely points to Numbers 19's red heifer ceremony and related purity laws in Leviticus 11-15. The priest's authoritative teaching prevented individual soldiers from improvising purification methods, maintaining community holiness through standardized obedience.

Questions for Reflection

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