Numbers 31:19

Authorized King James Version

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And do ye abide without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify both yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day.

Original Language Analysis

וְאַתֶּ֗ם H859
וְאַתֶּ֗ם
Strong's: H859
Word #: 1 of 19
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
חֲנ֛וּ And do ye abide H2583
חֲנ֛וּ And do ye abide
Strong's: H2583
Word #: 2 of 19
properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch a tent; generally to encamp (for abode or s
מִח֥וּץ without H2351
מִח֥וּץ without
Strong's: H2351
Word #: 3 of 19
properly, separate by a wall, i.e., outside, outdoors
לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה the camp H4264
לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה the camp
Strong's: H4264
Word #: 4 of 19
an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e
שִׁבְעַ֣ת seven H7651
שִׁבְעַ֣ת seven
Strong's: H7651
Word #: 5 of 19
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
וּבַיּ֣וֹם day H3117
וּבַיּ֣וֹם day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 6 of 19
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
כֹּל֩ H3605
כֹּל֩
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 7 of 19
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הֹרֵ֨ג whosoever hath killed H2026
הֹרֵ֨ג whosoever hath killed
Strong's: H2026
Word #: 8 of 19
to smite with deadly intent
נֶ֜פֶשׁ any person H5315
נֶ֜פֶשׁ any person
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 9 of 19
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
וְכֹ֣ל׀ H3605
וְכֹ֣ל׀
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 10 of 19
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
נֹגֵ֣עַ and whosoever hath touched H5060
נֹגֵ֣עַ and whosoever hath touched
Strong's: H5060
Word #: 11 of 19
properly, to touch, i.e., lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive
בֶּֽחָלָ֗ל any slain H2491
בֶּֽחָלָ֗ל any slain
Strong's: H2491
Word #: 12 of 19
pierced (especially to death); figuratively, polluted
תִּֽתְחַטְּא֞וּ purify H2398
תִּֽתְחַטְּא֞וּ purify
Strong's: H2398
Word #: 13 of 19
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
וּבַיּ֣וֹם day H3117
וּבַיּ֣וֹם day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 14 of 19
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ on the third H7992
הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ on the third
Strong's: H7992
Word #: 15 of 19
third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
וּבַיּ֣וֹם day H3117
וּבַיּ֣וֹם day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 16 of 19
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י and on the seventh H7637
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י and on the seventh
Strong's: H7637
Word #: 17 of 19
seventh
אַתֶּ֖ם H859
אַתֶּ֖ם
Strong's: H859
Word #: 18 of 19
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם׃ both yourselves and your captives H7628
וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם׃ both yourselves and your captives
Strong's: H7628
Word #: 19 of 19
exiled; captured; as noun, exile (abstractly or concretely and collectively); by extension, booty

Analysis & Commentary

Abide without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed...or touched any slain, purify both yourselves and your captives—the Hebrew chanah (abide/camp) outside required ritual separation because corpse contact caused uncleanness (Numbers 19:11-22). The chatta't (purification/sin) ritual on the third and seventh days used water mixed with ashes from the red heifer, symbolizing cleansing from death's defilement.

This law taught profound theology:

  1. Even righteous warfare against God's enemies involved contact with death, requiring purification
  2. Taking human life, though divinely commanded, necessitated spiritual cleansing
  3. The warriors' temporary exclusion reminded Israel that death is abnormal, an enemy introduced by sin (1 Corinthians 15:26).

Christ's resurrection overcame death permanently, making believers eternally clean (Hebrews 9:13-14). Yet even Christians should maintain sober awareness that death's presence—even defeated—requires Christ's cleansing.

Historical Context

The seven-day purification with third and seventh day cleansing rituals was established earlier in Numbers 19, involving water mixed with red heifer ashes. This ceremony restored ritual purity so warriors could rejoin camp fellowship and participate in worship. The inclusion of captives in purification shows God's law extended to all under Israel's care—even former enemies received covenant privileges through ceremonial integration. The practice maintained Israel's distinctive holiness while preventing warriors from becoming casual about death through military service.

Questions for Reflection

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