Numbers 22:23

Authorized King James Version

And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field: and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַתֵּ֣רֶא
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#2
הָ֣אָת֔וֹן
And the ass
a female donkey (from its docility)
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
מַלְאַ֨ךְ
the angel
a messenger; specifically, of god, i.e., an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
#5
יְהוָ֜ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#6
נִצָּ֣ב
standing
to station, in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#7
הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃
her into the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#8
וְחַרְבּ֤וֹ
and his sword
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
#9
שְׁלוּפָה֙
drawn
to pull out, up or off
#10
בְּיָד֔וֹ
in his hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#11
לְהַטֹּתָ֖הּ
to turn
to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)
#12
הָ֣אָת֔וֹן
And the ass
a female donkey (from its docility)
#13
מִן
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#14
הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃
her into the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
#15
וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#16
בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה
into the field
a field (as flat)
#17
וַיַּ֤ךְ
smote
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#18
בִּלְעָם֙
and Balaam
bilam, a place in palestine
#19
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#20
הָ֣אָת֔וֹן
And the ass
a female donkey (from its docility)
#21
לְהַטֹּתָ֖הּ
to turn
to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)
#22
הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃
her into the way
a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Numbers. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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