Numbers 19:10

Authorized King James Version

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And he that gathereth the ashes of the heifer shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: and it shall be unto the children of Israel, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among them, for a statute for ever.

Original Language Analysis

וְ֠כִבֶּס shall wash H3526
וְ֠כִבֶּס shall wash
Strong's: H3526
Word #: 1 of 18
to trample; hence, to wash (properly, by stamping with the feet), whether literal (including the fulling process) or figurative
הָֽאֹסֵ֨ף And he that gathereth H622
הָֽאֹסֵ֨ף And he that gathereth
Strong's: H622
Word #: 2 of 18
to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֵ֤פֶר the ashes H665
אֵ֤פֶר the ashes
Strong's: H665
Word #: 4 of 18
ashes
הַפָּרָה֙ of the heifer H6510
הַפָּרָה֙ of the heifer
Strong's: H6510
Word #: 5 of 18
a heifer
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 6 of 18
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בְּגָדָ֔יו his clothes H899
בְּגָדָ֔יו his clothes
Strong's: H899
Word #: 7 of 18
a covering, i.e., clothing
וְטָמֵ֖א and be unclean H2930
וְטָמֵ֖א and be unclean
Strong's: H2930
Word #: 8 of 18
to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 9 of 18
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
הָעָ֑רֶב until the even H6153
הָעָ֑רֶב until the even
Strong's: H6153
Word #: 10 of 18
dusk
וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה H1961
וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 11 of 18
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לִבְנֵ֣י and it shall be unto the children H1121
לִבְנֵ֣י and it shall be unto the children
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 12 of 18
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 13 of 18
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְלַגֵּ֛ר and unto the stranger H1616
וְלַגֵּ֛ר and unto the stranger
Strong's: H1616
Word #: 14 of 18
properly, a guest; by implication, a foreigner
הַגָּ֥ר that sojourneth H1481
הַגָּ֥ר that sojourneth
Strong's: H1481
Word #: 15 of 18
properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e., sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place);
בְּתוֹכָ֖ם among H8432
בְּתוֹכָ֖ם among
Strong's: H8432
Word #: 16 of 18
a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center
לְחֻקַּ֥ת them for a statute H2708
לְחֻקַּ֥ת them for a statute
Strong's: H2708
Word #: 17 of 18
a statute
עוֹלָֽם׃ for ever H5769
עוֹלָֽם׃ for ever
Strong's: H5769
Word #: 18 of 18
properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial

Analysis & Commentary

The gathered ashes were kept for 'a water of separation: it is a purification for sin.' These ashes, mixed with water, provided ongoing cleansing for corpse contamination throughout Israel's wandering. One sacrifice thus served repeatedly for the whole community. This anticipates Christ's one sacrifice providing perpetual cleansing for all believers across all time.

Historical Context

The Hebrew term for 'water of separation' (mei niddah) implies separation from uncleanness. These ashes remained potent indefinitely, kept in a clean place for use whenever needed. This permanent provision demonstrated God's merciful accommodation to death's unavoidable presence in a fallen world.

Questions for Reflection

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