Numbers 15:17

Analysis & Commentary

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying—this formulaic introduction (וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה, vayedaber YHWH el-Moshe) appears over 100 times in the Pentateuch, emphasizing divine origin of Israel's cultic regulations. What follows isn't Moses's invention but direct revelation from Yahweh. The sin offering legislation in Numbers 15:22-31 distinguishes between unintentional sins (shegagah, שְׁגָגָה) requiring atonement, and defiant sins (beyad ramah, בְּיָד רָמָה—literally "with a high hand") bringing divine judgment.

This chapter transitions from tabernacle dedication offerings (ch. 7) and rebellion narratives (ch. 13-14) to regulations for life in Canaan. The phrase "when ye come into the land" (v. 18) looks forward to post-wilderness obedience, demonstrating God's faithfulness despite Israel's recent rebellion. Even after the forty-year judgment, God still plans for their settlement and worship in the promised land.

Historical Context

This instruction came during Israel's wilderness wandering (approximately 1445-1406 BC), after the rebellion at Kadesh-barnea (ch. 14). The entire adult generation had been sentenced to die in the wilderness, yet God provided regulations for their children's future obedience in Canaan. This demonstrates covenant faithfulness—God's promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob remained despite Israel's unfaithfulness. The laws anticipate agricultural life in Canaan versus nomadic wilderness existence.

Questions for Reflection

• How does God's continued instruction despite Israel's rebellion demonstrate His covenant faithfulness?
• What does the distinction between unintentional and defiant sin teach about the nature of atonement?
• How do these Old Testament sin offerings point forward to Christ's once-for-all sacrifice?