Nehemiah 9:13

Authorized King James Version

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Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven, and gavest them right judgments, and true laws, good statutes and commandments:

Original Language Analysis

וְעַ֤ל H5921
וְעַ֤ל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 1 of 16
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַר also upon mount H2022
הַר also upon mount
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 2 of 16
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
סִינַי֙ Sinai H5514
סִינַי֙ Sinai
Strong's: H5514
Word #: 3 of 16
sinai, mountain of arabia
יָרַ֔דְתָּ Thou camest down H3381
יָרַ֔דְתָּ Thou camest down
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 4 of 16
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
וְדַבֵּ֥ר and spakest H1696
וְדַבֵּ֥ר and spakest
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 5 of 16
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
עִמָּהֶ֖ם H5973
עִמָּהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 6 of 16
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
מִשָּׁמָ֑יִם with them from heaven H8064
מִשָּׁמָ֑יִם with them from heaven
Strong's: H8064
Word #: 7 of 16
the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies r
וַתִּתֵּ֨ן and gavest H5414
וַתִּתֵּ֨ן and gavest
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 8 of 16
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לָהֶ֜ם H0
לָהֶ֜ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 9 of 16
מִשְׁפָּטִ֤ים judgments H4941
מִשְׁפָּטִ֤ים judgments
Strong's: H4941
Word #: 10 of 16
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
יְשָׁרִים֙ them right H3477
יְשָׁרִים֙ them right
Strong's: H3477
Word #: 11 of 16
straight (literally or figuratively)
וְתוֹר֣וֹת laws H8451
וְתוֹר֣וֹת laws
Strong's: H8451
Word #: 12 of 16
a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch
אֱמֶ֔ת and true H571
אֱמֶ֔ת and true
Strong's: H571
Word #: 13 of 16
stability; (figuratively) certainty, truth, trustworthiness
חֻקִּ֥ים statutes H2706
חֻקִּ֥ים statutes
Strong's: H2706
Word #: 14 of 16
an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)
וּמִצְוֹ֖ת and commandments H4687
וּמִצְוֹ֖ת and commandments
Strong's: H4687
Word #: 15 of 16
a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the law)
טוֹבִֽים׃ good H2896
טוֹבִֽים׃ good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 16 of 16
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good

Analysis & Commentary

Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven, and gavest them right judgments, and true laws, good statutes and commandments:

This verse within Nehemiah 9 addresses themes of confession, God's faithfulness, corporate prayer, covenant history. Extended corporate prayer recounts God's faithfulness through Israel's history while honestly confessing persistent covenant violations. This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. The spiritual reforms under Ezra and Nehemiah shaped Judaism for centuries, establishing Scripture's centrality and patterns of worship continuing into the intertestamental period and beyond. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection

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