Nehemiah 8:4

Authorized King James Version

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And Ezra the scribe stood upon a pulpit of wood, which they had made for the purpose; and beside him stood Mattithiah, and Shema, and Anaiah, and Urijah, and Hilkiah, and Maaseiah, on his right hand; and on his left hand, Pedaiah, and Mishael, and Malchiah, and Hashum, and Hashbadana, Zechariah, and Meshullam.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֣ד him stood H5975
וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֣ד him stood
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 1 of 27
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
עֶזְרָ֣א And Ezra H5830
עֶזְרָ֣א And Ezra
Strong's: H5830
Word #: 2 of 27
ezra, an israelite
הַסֹּפֵ֗ר the scribe H5608
הַסֹּפֵ֗ר the scribe
Strong's: H5608
Word #: 3 of 27
properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e., (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e., celebra
עַֽל H5921
עַֽל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 27
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מִגְדַּל upon a pulpit H4026
מִגְדַּל upon a pulpit
Strong's: H4026
Word #: 5 of 27
a tower (from its size or height); by analogy, a rostrum; figuratively, a (pyramidal) bed of flowers
עֵץ֮ of wood H6086
עֵץ֮ of wood
Strong's: H6086
Word #: 6 of 27
a tree (from its firmness); hence, wood (plural sticks)
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 7 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָשׂ֣וּ which they had made H6213
עָשׂ֣וּ which they had made
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 8 of 27
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לַדָּבָר֒ for the purpose H1697
לַדָּבָר֒ for the purpose
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 9 of 27
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֣ד him stood H5975
וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֣ד him stood
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 10 of 27
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
אֶצְל֡וֹ and beside H681
אֶצְל֡וֹ and beside
Strong's: H681
Word #: 11 of 27
a side; (as a preposition) near
מַתִּתְיָ֡ה Mattithiah H4993
מַתִּתְיָ֡ה Mattithiah
Strong's: H4993
Word #: 12 of 27
mattithjah, the name of four israelites
וְשֶׁ֡מַע and Shema H8087
וְשֶׁ֡מַע and Shema
Strong's: H8087
Word #: 13 of 27
shema, the name of a place in palestine and of four israelites
וַֽ֠עֲנָיָה and Anaiah H6043
וַֽ֠עֲנָיָה and Anaiah
Strong's: H6043
Word #: 14 of 27
anajah, the name of two israelites
וְאֽוּרִיָּ֧ה and Urijah H223
וְאֽוּרִיָּ֧ה and Urijah
Strong's: H223
Word #: 15 of 27
urijah, the name of one hittite and five israelites
וְחִלְקִיָּ֛ה and Hilkiah H2518
וְחִלְקִיָּ֛ה and Hilkiah
Strong's: H2518
Word #: 16 of 27
chilhijah, the name of eight israelites
וּמַֽעֲשֵׂיָ֖ה and Maaseiah H4641
וּמַֽעֲשֵׂיָ֖ה and Maaseiah
Strong's: H4641
Word #: 17 of 27
maasejah, the name of sixteen israelites
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 18 of 27
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יְמִינ֑וֹ on his right hand H3225
יְמִינ֑וֹ on his right hand
Strong's: H3225
Word #: 19 of 27
the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south
וּמִשְּׂמֹאל֗וֹ and on his left hand H8040
וּמִשְּׂמֹאל֗וֹ and on his left hand
Strong's: H8040
Word #: 20 of 27
properly, dark (as enveloped), i.e., the north; hence (by orientation), the left hand
פְּ֠דָיָה Pedaiah H6305
פְּ֠דָיָה Pedaiah
Strong's: H6305
Word #: 21 of 27
pedajah, the name of six israelites
וּמִֽישָׁאֵ֧ל and Mishael H4332
וּמִֽישָׁאֵ֧ל and Mishael
Strong's: H4332
Word #: 22 of 27
mishael, the name of three israelites
וּמַלְכִּיָּ֛ה and Malchiah H4441
וּמַלְכִּיָּ֛ה and Malchiah
Strong's: H4441
Word #: 23 of 27
malkijah, the name of ten israelites
וְחָשֻׁ֥ם and Hashum H2828
וְחָשֻׁ֥ם and Hashum
Strong's: H2828
Word #: 24 of 27
chashum, the name of two or three israelites
וְחַשְׁבַּדָּ֖נָה and Hashbadana H2806
וְחַשְׁבַּדָּ֖נָה and Hashbadana
Strong's: H2806
Word #: 25 of 27
chasbaddanah, an israelite
זְכַרְיָ֥ה Zechariah H2148
זְכַרְיָ֥ה Zechariah
Strong's: H2148
Word #: 26 of 27
zecarjah, the name of twenty-nine israelites
מְשֻׁלָּֽם׃ and Meshullam H4918
מְשֻׁלָּֽם׃ and Meshullam
Strong's: H4918
Word #: 27 of 27
meshullam, the name of seventeen israelites

Analysis & Commentary

And Ezra the scribe stood upon a pulpit of wood, which they had made for the purpose; and beside him stood Mattithiah, and Shema, and Anaiah, and Urijah, and Hilkiah, and Maaseiah, on his right hand; and on his left hand, Pedaiah, and Mishael, and Malchiah, and Hashum, and Hashbadana, Zechariah, and Meshullam.

This verse within Nehemiah 8 addresses themes of Scripture centrality, teaching, understanding, worship. The public Scripture reading demonstrates how spiritual renewal requires understanding God's Word, not mere ritual observance. This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. The spiritual reforms under Ezra and Nehemiah shaped Judaism for centuries, establishing Scripture's centrality and patterns of worship continuing into the intertestamental period and beyond. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection

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