Nehemiah 13:18

Authorized King James Version

Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
הֲל֨וֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#2
כֹ֤ה
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
#3
עָשׂוּ֙
Did
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#4
אֲבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם
H1
not your fathers
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#5
וַיָּבֵ֨א
bring
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#6
אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ
not our God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#7
עָלֵ֗ינוּ
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#8
אֵ֚ת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#9
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#10
הָֽרָעָ֣ה
all this evil
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#11
הַזֹּ֔את
this (often used adverb)
#12
וְעַ֖ל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
הָעִ֣יר
upon us and upon this city
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
#14
הַזֹּ֑את
this (often used adverb)
#15
וְאַתֶּ֞ם
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#16
מֽוֹסִיפִ֤ים
more
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
#17
חָרוֹן֙
wrath
a burning of anger
#18
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#19
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
upon Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#20
לְחַלֵּ֖ל
by profaning
properly, to bore, i.e., (by implication) to wound, to dissolve; figuratively, to profane (a person, place or thing), to break (one's word), to begin
#21
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#22
הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃
the sabbath
intermission, i.e (specifically) the sabbath

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Nehemiah Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection