Nehemiah 12:36

Authorized King James Version

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And his brethren, Shemaiah, and Azarael, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethaneel, and Judah, Hanani, with the musical instruments of David the man of God, and Ezra the scribe before them.

Original Language Analysis

וְֽאֶחָ֡יו And his brethren H251
וְֽאֶחָ֡יו And his brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 1 of 17
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
שְֽׁמַעְיָ֡ה Shemaiah H8098
שְֽׁמַעְיָ֡ה Shemaiah
Strong's: H8098
Word #: 2 of 17
shemajah, the name of twenty-five israelites
וַֽעֲזַרְאֵ֡ל and Azarael H5832
וַֽעֲזַרְאֵ֡ל and Azarael
Strong's: H5832
Word #: 3 of 17
azarel, the name of five israelites
מִֽלֲלַ֡י Milalai H4450
מִֽלֲלַ֡י Milalai
Strong's: H4450
Word #: 4 of 17
milalai, an israelite
גִּֽלֲלַ֡י Gilalai H1562
גִּֽלֲלַ֡י Gilalai
Strong's: H1562
Word #: 5 of 17
gilalai, an israelite
מָעַ֞י Maai H4597
מָעַ֞י Maai
Strong's: H4597
Word #: 6 of 17
maai, an israelite
נְתַנְאֵ֤ל Nethaneel H5417
נְתַנְאֵ֤ל Nethaneel
Strong's: H5417
Word #: 7 of 17
nethanel, the name of ten israelites
וִֽיהוּדָה֙ and Judah H3063
וִֽיהוּדָה֙ and Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 8 of 17
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
חֲנָ֔נִי Hanani H2607
חֲנָ֔נִי Hanani
Strong's: H2607
Word #: 9 of 17
chanani, the name of six israelites
בִּכְלֵי instruments H3627
בִּכְלֵי instruments
Strong's: H3627
Word #: 10 of 17
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
שִׁ֥יר with the musical H7892
שִׁ֥יר with the musical
Strong's: H7892
Word #: 11 of 17
a song; abstractly, singing
דָּוִ֖יד of David H1732
דָּוִ֖יד of David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 12 of 17
david, the youngest son of jesse
אִ֣ישׁ the man H376
אִ֣ישׁ the man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 13 of 17
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים of God H430
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים of God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 14 of 17
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וְעֶזְרָ֥א and Ezra H5830
וְעֶזְרָ֥א and Ezra
Strong's: H5830
Word #: 15 of 17
ezra, an israelite
הַסּוֹפֵ֖ר the scribe H5608
הַסּוֹפֵ֖ר the scribe
Strong's: H5608
Word #: 16 of 17
properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e., (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e., celebra
לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ before H6440
לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃ before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 17 of 17
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

Analysis & Commentary

And his brethren, Shemaiah, and Azarael, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethaneel, and Judah, Hanani, with the musical instruments of David the man of God, and Ezra the scribe before them.

This verse within Nehemiah 12 addresses themes of worship, dedication, celebration, generational continuity. The wall dedication features joyful worship and thanksgiving, celebrating God's faithfulness in enabling the work's completion. This passage demonstrates biblical principles applicable across both testaments—God's sovereignty combined with human responsibility, faith expressed through obedient action, and the necessity of both individual and corporate commitment to covenant faithfulness. Nehemiah models leadership that combines vision, prayer, courage, integrity, and perseverance amid sustained opposition.

Historical Context

Nehemiah's account occurs during Persian imperial dominance (539-331 BC), specifically 445-433 BC under Artaxerxes I. Nehemiah's final reforms address recurring covenant violations, demonstrating the ongoing challenge of maintaining spiritual commitment across generations. The Persian period was crucial transitional time when Jewish identity shifted from monarchical nationalism to Torah-centered covenantal community. Without political independence, the people's cohesion depended on shared scripture, temple worship, and covenant obedience. This established patterns persisting through the Second Temple period into New Testament times. Understanding this context illuminates Jesus's ministry among a people shaped by these reforms and challenges.

Questions for Reflection