Micah 7:12

Authorized King James Version

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In that day also he shall come even to thee from Assyria, and from the fortified cities, and from the fortress even to the river, and from sea to sea, and from mountain to mountain.

Original Language Analysis

י֥וֹם In that day H3117
י֥וֹם In that day
Strong's: H3117
Word #: 1 of 16
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
הוּא֙ H1931
הוּא֙
Strong's: H1931
Word #: 2 of 16
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
וְעָדֶ֣יךָ H5704
וְעָדֶ֣יךָ
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 3 of 16
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
יָב֔וֹא also he shall come H935
יָב֔וֹא also he shall come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 4 of 16
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
לְמִנִּ֥י H4480
לְמִנִּ֥י
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 5 of 16
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
אַשּׁ֖וּר even to thee from Assyria H804
אַשּׁ֖וּר even to thee from Assyria
Strong's: H804
Word #: 6 of 16
ashshur, the second son of shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e., assyria), its region and its empire
וְעָרֵ֣י cities H5892
וְעָרֵ֣י cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 7 of 16
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
מָצ֑וֹר H4692
מָצ֑וֹר
Strong's: H4692
Word #: 8 of 16
something hemming in, i.e., (objectively) a mound (of besiegers), (abstractly) a siege, (figuratively) distress; or (subjectively) a fastness
וּלְמִנִּ֤י H4480
וּלְמִנִּ֤י
Strong's: H4480
Word #: 9 of 16
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
מָצוֹר֙ and from the fortified H4693
מָצוֹר֙ and from the fortified
Strong's: H4693
Word #: 10 of 16
egypt (as the border of palestine)
וְעַד H5704
וְעַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 11 of 16
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
נָהָ֔ר even to the river H5104
נָהָ֔ר even to the river
Strong's: H5104
Word #: 12 of 16
a stream (including the sea; expectation the nile, euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity
מִיָּ֖ם and from sea H3220
מִיָּ֖ם and from sea
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 13 of 16
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
מִיָּ֖ם and from sea H3220
מִיָּ֖ם and from sea
Strong's: H3220
Word #: 14 of 16
a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif
הָהָֽר׃ and from mountain H2022
הָהָֽר׃ and from mountain
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 15 of 16
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
הָהָֽר׃ and from mountain H2022
הָהָֽר׃ and from mountain
Strong's: H2022
Word #: 16 of 16
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

Analysis & Commentary

In that day also he shall come even to thee from Assyria (yom hu ve'adeyka yavo lemiAssur, יוֹם הוּא וְעָדֶיךָ יָבוֹא לְמִנִּי אַשּׁוּר). This describes worldwide ingathering to restored Israel. Ashur (אַשּׁוּר, Assyria) represents the empire that conquered Northern Israel and deported populations. The prophecy promises their return and, more broadly, nations streaming to Zion.

And from the fortified cities, and from the fortress even to the river, and from sea to sea, and from mountain to mountain (ume'arei matsor ve'ad-nahar veyam miyyam vehar hahar, וּמֵעָרֵי מָצוֹר וְעַד־נָהָר וְיָם מִיָּם וְהָר הָהָר). This comprehensive geographic description—from fortified cities to the river (Euphrates), from sea to sea (Mediterranean to Persian Gulf or Red Sea), from mountain to mountain—indicates universal scope. People from every direction and all nations will come to worship the Lord.

This connects with Micah 4:1-2's prophecy of nations flowing to the mountain of the Lord. Partial fulfillment occurred when exiles returned from Babylon/Persia. Greater fulfillment came through Christ's Great Commission (Matthew 28:19) as the gospel spread worldwide. Ultimate fulfillment awaits the eschaton when "the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD" (Isaiah 11:9) and Revelation 7:9's multitude from every nation worships before the throne.

Historical Context

After Assyria conquered Israel (722 BC), populations were deported throughout the empire (2 Kings 17:6)—Media, Mesopotamia, and beyond. Babylon later exiled Judah similarly. The promise of return seemed impossible, yet God brought remnants back (Ezra 1-2). But the prophecy's scope exceeds mere political restoration. It envisions worldwide pilgrimage to worship Israel's God. This finds fulfillment in the church age as Gentiles from every nation are incorporated into God's people (Ephesians 2:11-22), and will be consummated when Christ returns and establishes His global kingdom (Zechariah 14:16-19; Revelation 21:24-26).

Questions for Reflection