Matthew 22:38

Authorized King James Version

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This is the first and great commandment.

Original Language Analysis

αὕτη This G3778
αὕτη This
Strong's: G3778
Word #: 1 of 6
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
ἐστὶν is G2076
ἐστὶν is
Strong's: G2076
Word #: 2 of 6
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
πρώτη the first G4413
πρώτη the first
Strong's: G4413
Word #: 3 of 6
foremost (in time, place, order or importance)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 4 of 6
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
μεγάλη great G3173
μεγάλη great
Strong's: G3173
Word #: 5 of 6
big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)
ἐντολή commandment G1785
ἐντολή commandment
Strong's: G1785
Word #: 6 of 6
injunction, i.e., an authoritative prescription

Analysis & Commentary

Jesus identifies the greatest commandment: 'This is the first and great commandment' (Greek: αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μεγάλη καὶ πρώτη ἐντολή, 'this is the great and first commandment'), referring to loving God with all heart, soul, and mind (verse 37). The word πρώτη means both 'first' in rank and sequence. Loving God supremely is foundational to all other commands. 'Great' (μεγάλη) indicates magnitude and importance. This quotes Deuteronomy 6:5, the Shema Israel prayed daily. Comprehensive love - heart (emotion), soul (will), mind (intellect) - demands total devotion. All ethics derive from primary love for God.

Historical Context

Jewish theology centered on the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4-9), confessed daily. Jesus identifies this as supreme commandment when asked about Torah's essence. Rabbis debated which commands were 'heavy' (important) versus 'light.' Jesus establishes clear hierarchy - love for God first, then neighbor. Early Christians maintained this priority while extending neighbor-love universally beyond Jewish boundaries. The greatest commandment has sustained Jewish-Christian ethics for millennia, grounding moral obligation in relationship with God.

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