Matthew 20:3

Authorized King James Version

And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
ἐξελθὼν
he went out
to issue (literally or figuratively)
#3
περὶ
about
properly, through (all over), i.e., around; figuratively with respect to; used in various applications, of place, cause or time (with the genitive cas
#4
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
τρίτην
the third
third; neuter (as noun) a third part, or (as adverb) a (or the) third time, thirdly
#6
ὥραν
hour
an "hour" (literally or figuratively)
#7
εἶδεν
and saw
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#8
ἄλλους
others
"else," i.e., different (in many applications)
#9
ἑστῶτας
standing
to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
#10
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#11
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ἀγορᾷ
G58
the marketplace
properly, the town-square (as a place of public resort); by implication, a market or thoroughfare
#13
ἀργούς
idle
inactive, i.e., unemployed; (by implication) lazy, useless

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within Roman imperial rule over Jewish Palestine with messianic expectations. The author writes to address Jewish Christians seeking to understand Jesus as Messiah, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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